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HIV in Humanitarian Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HIV in Humanitarian Contexts - Essay Example The result is the need to stop HIV and to help those which are a danger to the strength of others keeps on expanding while PLHIV medications are needing arriving at bigger gatherings of people (Smith, 2010). The need to move toward this issue is one which depends on reacting to crisis circumstances just as considering the developing quantities of people who are needing treatment that have PLHIV. The necessities to help the individuals who have PLHIV are proceeding to increment not just from the reactions which are required to crisis circumstances or the spread of the ailment in explicit locales in light of the absence of assets. It is likewise noticed that there are helpful necessities related with different districts. The idea of compassionate reactions is one which is related with reacting to defenseless gatherings and guaranteeing that strength can be worked in circumstances in light of the administrations gave. The philanthropy which is given first happens in crisis circumstances in which an episode or other issue emerges. There are additionally some particular ideas which are connected to helping powerless gatherings due to culture, accessible assets and administration arrangements which consolidate with food, instruction and sanitation techniques (Okal, Bergmann, 2007). Inspecting the philanthropic strategies and plans, holes that are related with the necessities in different networks and the manner by which these can be rethought builds up a more grounded comprehension of what is expected to help those experiencing PLHIV. This examination study will look at the present status of helpful endeavors, how this is making changes or holes in giving help to PLHIV just as how various structures can make more grounded reactions to the individuals who are experiencing PLHIV. By looking at these different relationship with compassionate reactions, there will be the capacity to recognize the holes in helping those with PLHIV just as seeing how structures can be chan ged to help networks needing philanthropic help. Technique The approach that will be utilized will comprise of two principle considers that will characterize the requirements for those experiencing PLHIV and the compassionate reactions that are required. The first is a survey of existing writing. This will inspect different insights from explicit associations which have plans and techniques for helping the individuals who have PLHIV. This will likewise comprise of other relevant writing that depends on the present comprehension of how to react to flare-ups and what this way to the individuals who are in explicit settings. The exploration philosophy will be joined with correspondence through surveys. This will be sent to workplaces in different locales around the world. The target of these surveys will be to take a gander at the structures which are right now used to react to PLHIV in different locales just as what the qualities and shortcomings of the plan are. By looking at these d ifferent sorts of reactions, ends can be attracted which identify with the holes in structures which are utilized to react to the requirements of PLHIV in a compassionate setting. Unique Needs of PLHIV in Humanitarian Contexts The principal idea which is related with PLHIV in human setting depends on the vulnerabilities which are built up in reacting to explicit necessities. The hazard for HIV is known to be a primary factor in explicit regions that need foundation

ACT Compass Essay Examples

ACT Compass Essay ExamplesIf you are looking for Act Compass Essay samples, then you have come to the right place. This site is loaded with free Act Compass exercises which can help you improve your ACT scores.Free ACT Essay Online - What can you expect to find on this site? You will find dozens of ACT Compass essays for the entire class that is available for download as a PDF file or free downloads to print. These Essays are tested and scored by the act, so you can rest assured that the results are legitimate.ACT Essay - As mentioned earlier, you can get an ACT Compass online but what if you are already a part of a college or university taking the ACT. Would you prefer to get a CD version of your ACT test score? ACT offers this as well.ACT Essay CDs - To get a CD of your ACT test score, you will need to sign up at the website ACT uses for ACT Essay Services. When you do so, they will email you a link to download the test. The download can be a single ACT Compass test, or a CD.ACT Es say - The best part about the ACT Essay is that it can be used over again. Just print it out and take it with you for an 'Exam of the Day'. Each time you take the ACT, you will get a new one.ACT Essay - There are many colleges and universities that will allow you to take the ACT online, but ACT offers their own place on the internet where you can take the test, write an essay, and upload the scores to ACT. ACT guarantees a minimum score on any ACT essay test, which makes them the best on the market.ACT tests are always getting better. The old versions were boring, and you had to spend so much time just reading through the questions. Now that ACT has brought in some new folks that know how to make this test fun, you get more out of it.Have Fun! Keep in mind that even though the ACT Essay is pretty much the same as the ACT exam, it is still a different test altogether. So if you know nothing about writing or thinking and what makes a good essay, then you should go to ACT Essay.

Theme Of Honor In The Crucible - 1079 Words

In todays society, honor is something that is respected every day, but in occasions is overlooked by others. The main characters, John Proctor and Abigail Williams, represent multiple types of honor. Abigail Williams shows dishonor towards the victims of Salem and towards Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor’s name is an example of honor because he doesnt want his title to be disrespected by the community for admitting to witchcraft. Honor continues to become a factor back in the 17th century and even today. In the play, â€Å"The Crucible†, honor, and dishonor are represented multiple times throughout the play. First, Abigail Williams is an example of dishonor because she and the other girls were the cause of many deaths in their†¦show more content†¦171). This quote explains that even though Abigail worked with Tituba, she exclaimed that she has no business with her, and and is the innocent one. Eventually, Tituba is punished due to her workings with the devil due to Abigail not tell she also did the same. Another example that Abigail Williams is an example of dishonor is because of the significance of it towards Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail claimed Elizabeth of witchcraft to try to get Elizabeth out of the picture to be with John Proctor. Abigail complete disregarded the lives of others, as did McCarthy when he claimed those of communism. By doing so, this got many people fired, and some lives ruined do to allegations. Abigail does the same. As stated in the Crucible, â€Å" You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor!† (I. 175). This shows that Abigail did indeed attempt to get rid of Elizabeth Proctor and didnt think of cost of this decision. The rashness shown by Abigail is drawn all throughout the play by Miller to explain how influential and manipulative McCarthy was during the Red Scare. Another quote to explain this dishonor was stated by Elizabeth, â€Å"I am sure she does--and thinks to kill me, then to take my place.† (II. 197). This explains that Elizabeth already knew her fate and knew what Abigail intended to do. Also, the quote shows that Abigail has such dishonor that she would go throughShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Reputation Within The Crucible996 Words   |  4 PagesRaj Gautam Mr.Cowell Honors English 10 22 February 2016 The Role of reputation within in the The Crucible In Salem, Massachusetts no act is private. Sins conducted within one’s home or in seclusion are eventually discovered by the public. The attendance of church is monitored and those caught dilly dallying outside of church during mass are punished. Everything anyone does becomes knowledge to the public. One’s entire name rested upon their ability to follow the rules of the Bible. When a group ofRead MoreThe Crucible805 Words   |  4 PagesThey don’t believe in themselves. Mary Warren in The Crucible demonstrates this by not believing in herself and settling for being a â€Å"follower†. Mary however, has a sincere sense of loyalty to John Proctor her employer. Mary Warren goes through an inner battle of peer pressure and her loyalty to Proctor. Mary’s yearning to fit in and loyalty to Proctor develops the theme that peer pressure easily overcomes loyalty. In the beginning of The Crucible, Mary Warren struggles with an inner sense of belongingRead MoreSexual Abuse In The Crucible Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages Sex Abuse and The Crucible Innocent people are accused for things they may not have done-this brings fear to everyone around them, and no one will feel safe to do anything. In the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller, there are many people being accused of wrongdoing for actions they may have not done. The Crucible tells a story of a group of young girls dancing in the woods. They are accused of calling for the devil-they chose people who they feel may be attached to the devil and wrongfullyRead MoreTheme Of Betrayal In The Crucible1436 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller wrote The Crucible, which is about the witchcraft that begins in the home of Reverend Parris. His daughter Betty, who is obviously affected by witchcraft after he had found Betty and her friends performing witchcraft with Tituba. Long after the teenage girls were caught, they came up with a scheme to keep themselves out of trouble. Along this journey the girls’ false stories ended up hurting the people they loved. In this story, Author M iller shows the theme is about good vs evil, survivalRead MoreQueenie Chen Pd. 31078 Words   |  5 PagesQueenie Chen Pd. 3 November 18, 2016 The Crucible - Reputation Task: Preserving one’s reputation is a prevalent theme in The Crucible. Conduct a detailed examination of two characters who are concerned with their reputations. How does this affect how they behave, the ultimate decisions they make, and other characters in the play? How are their situations similar or different? Is a good name more importantRead MoreTimeless Theme Present in The Crucible and in Macbeth: the abuse of power1686 Words   |  7 PagesOne timeless theme found in many pieces of literature is the abuse of power. Many people who are in power, abuse their power, and commonly become corrupt or unjust due to the power. The essence of human nature is to crave power. Along with this craving of power in some humans is the corruptness and injustice when one comes into power or on one s path to achieving power. This is a timeless theme, as power and human nature have always existed in man s history. This theme may be observed in MacbethRead MoreArthur Millers The Crucible And The Second Red Scare1293 Words   |  6 Pages In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible†, Miller connects The Crucible and the Second Red Scare by highlighting his process of writing which in return displays the two different time era’s similarities. He states, â€Å"[W]hen I began to think of writing about the hunt for Reds in America, I was motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitors’ violations of civil rights, were fearful†¦of being identified as Communists†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 1364 Words   |  6 Pages Themes A theme in The Crucible is that a society ruled by theocracy and status based on religion is bound to fall apart. Salem s strict adherence to the Christian shurch is evident in everything the citizens do. They use measures of a person s knowledge and adherence to the religion as a means of judging their character and also their status in society. They believe God [was] provoked so grandly by such a petty cause (121), which is why the jails are packed (121). If the citizen didRead MoreThe Crucible Character Analysis1195 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, the characters have an innumerable amount of concerns for their own reputation. This is an immense theme represented throughout the entire play. The characters are too drawn into the sake of keeping the good of their name. In The Crucible, characters such as Reverend Parris, Abigail Williams, and Mary Warren are highly drawn to their reputations. This affects the way they act because it brings the ir actions into play. Their situations are similarRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1073 Words   |  5 PagesLyndsay Curatolo Honors English 10 Mrs. Tancredi 6 November 2015 Motivation by Fear During the course of history there has been a continuous pattern of traits in people. While some of those traits have been favorable, other traits have been negative and caused great disruptions in society. In the year 1692 in the town of Salem, Massachusetts many of these negative traits were revealed. A fascination about witches swept through the small, Puritan village in Salem. The impacts of the allegations were

Essay about The Life of Abraham Lincoln - 861 Words

The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. He grew up in Hodgenville, Kentucky, and lived out in the wilderness. He was brought up doing chores, and had a special talent of using an axe at a young age. Upon attending an ABC school, Abraham learned how to read, write, and solve arithmetic problems. He and his family constantly had problems with the milk sick disease, which was the cause of the death of Abraham’s mother. One of Abraham’s first jobs as a young†¦show more content†¦Upon returning to his former job as a layer upon the end of his political term, he was able to become a master at the occupation. Around 1854, Abraham began to research the Kansas-Nebraska Act, for he was held an opposing viewpoint of what is stated. He believed the Act did not address how important it was that slavery be abolished, for it allowed people in these two territories to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. Right after this, Lincoln began involving himself in more debates about slavery, while at the same time trying to get into a political position. He was finally granted his wish to become president on November 6, 1860 defeating Douglas, John Bell, and John C. Breckinridge. Re-elected in for the next four years after this term had ended, he was all the while serving during the Civil War. His view on the war was that he hoped to create a plan to join the nation together, and give the South more right to the slaves. Eventually the Civil War’s end was exactly how he had wanted to terminate, with General Lee surrendering to General Grant in Virginia. The death of President Lincoln was tragic, and was soon following this victorious end of the war. Upon a third re-election as U.S. President, he angered many people who did not like the way he served their country. John Wilkes Booth was one ofShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln754 Words   |  4 PagesValenzuela 1 Issac Valenzuela Mrs. Barr 7th Grade Literature May 24, 2016 The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin. He was born on February 12, 1809. His mother was a great Christian. She often told them stories from the Bible. One day, Lincoln’s mother died of poisoned milk when he was only nine. Abraham Lincoln was one of the tallest presidents in our history. He was six feet, four inches tall. When he was elected president, he started theRead MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, U.S. President, and lawyer is regarded as one of America’s most successful presidents due to his incredible impact on the nation, and his views on slavery and civil rights. Abraham Lincoln, also referred to by Honest Abe, had one of the hardest jobs a president can have and that is being a war-time leader. Despite the odds, Lincoln persevered through his rough childhood and found his way into politics and laterRead MoreThe Life of Abraham Lincoln1452 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born on February 12th , 1809. Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky in a single-room log cabin. Abraham Lincoln was named after his grandfather. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. When Abraham Lincoln was young, they had to move to Perry County, Indiana where times were tough and they struggled to get by. When Lincoln was nine years old, his mother died at age 34 from a milk sickness caused by drinking the milk of cows feeding on poisonousRead MoreThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Essays1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born February 12, 1809, in Nolin Creek , Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln from virginia born january 6, 1778,and Nancy Hanks born February 5, 1784, they were married June 12, 1806. He developedRead MoreLife and Leadership of Abraham Lincoln3614 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy (nee Hanks) Lincoln in Sinking Spring Farm, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 in a cabin in the backwoods three miles south of Hodgenville (McPherson). His family lived meagerly with his clothes being fashioned from the skins of animals his fathers shot down. He helped his parents around the house weeding the garden, bringing in firewood and water, gathering wild grapes from the woods, and helping to sow seeds at planting time (Thomas, 2008). Years laterRead MoreThe Life And Presidency Of Abraham Lincoln1375 Words   |  6 Pagesacquire these traits through personal experience or through exemplary leadership. The life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"demonstrated that he possessed all of the great leadership qualities.† (Phillips). Lincoln’s philosophies on interacting amongst troops, encouraging innovation, handling unjust cri ticism, and being a master of paradox are still applicable in modern day pharmacy practice. When Abraham Lincoln took his oath in becoming the next president the nation was facing what seemed as anRead MoreEssay about The Life of Abraham Lincoln2496 Words   |  10 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Although other states such as Indiana lay claim to his birth, most sources agree that Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a backwoods cabin in Hodgeville, Kentucky. In an interview during his campaign for the presidency in 1860 Lincoln described his adolescence as quot;the short and simple annals of the poor.quot; (p 30). His father Thomas was a farmer who married Nancy Hanks, his mother, in 1806. Lincoln had one sister, Sarah, who was born in 1807.TheRead MoreAbraham Lincoln: the Symbol of the Unlimited Possibilities of American Life1258 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln - Symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life commemorative speech http://www.speech-writers.com  © www.speech-writers.com CSABCAbraham Lincoln ?Symbol of The Unlimited Possibilities of american Life There are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they can be credited with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was one such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, ‘Honest Abe as heRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Once Said, â€Å"Life Is Always Going To Be1783 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"Life is always going to be a bumpy road. Eventually you just learn how to drive on it† (Lincoln). Has an obstacle ever hindered you from attaining a certain goal? This obstacle may have been a physical obstacle or limitation, for instance, maybe you have experienced surgery or severe physical pains at one point or another in your life. Perhaps this obstacle is emotional stability or mental health as well. While you may be reading this essay this very second, an obstacleRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages Abraham Lincoln Why I chose to research Abraham Lincoln’s life. Ever since I was a small boy in elementary school, and all throughout my grade school days, there were many great names that were spoken of and taught about. Names such as George Washington, (our first president) John Hancock, John Adams, and Mark Twain were among many others who contributed to the betterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Exposure to Pesticides. Answer: Introduction Pesticides are considered as substances that are used to control infectious diseases. These diseases include pests and weeds that are harmful to the crops. This, in turn, may lead to harming the human population as the consumption of these crops may lead to life-threatening diseases. Bara?ski et al. (2014) stated that pesticide includes herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, rodenticide and so on. The most common form of pesticide is considered as herbicide that accounts for about 80% of the usage. The pesticide is normally associated with protecting crops from harmful diseases. The harmful organisms include mosquitoes, parasites, fleas and rodents. Guedes et al. (2016) stated that some of the benefits of pesticide include prevention of crop loss that can save the money and lives of the farmers. In many countries, farmers commit suicide due to the loss of crops either by natural causes or from being infected by pests. The cost required for purchasing stocks for harvesting crops are also reduced. Pesticide also helps in improving crops and livestock. This is important in order to ensure that invasive species does not affect the crops (Sanchez-Bayo and Goka 2014). It can also help in saving human as well as animal lives. This is done by ensuring that the crops are pest free and consumption of it does not cause diseases among the living beings. It controls the organisms that pose harm to the human beings. The biggest benefit that pesticide provides is the saving of costs and crops. It has been proven that every crop that has been saved is worth save of every money. It can also be used to prevent sickness all over the world. Fenner et al. (2013) observed that despite the positives of using pesticide, certain negative side effects also exist. The individuals indulged in the use of pesticides normally feel these side effects. The environment is degraded as well with the use of a pesticide. Some of the negative effects include increased chances of cancer. Pesticide includes the use of carcinogenicity that increases the chances of cancer among human being. It may also create organ failure and skin irritation because of the harmful effluents that exist. Trasande et al. (2016) stated that the poisonous substances used for killing microorganisms and rodents can severely affect the health of a human. Apart from this, the use of pesticide compromised the nutritional value of the crops. This is done because the soil required for harvesting the crop is contaminated because of the excess use of a pesticide. Some of the positive impacts of pesticide are the fact that it helps in the protection of crops from rodents a nd other microorganisms. This is important as most of the crops get destroyed from the infestation that is caused by rodents and microorganisms. Apart from this pesticide also helps to keep the crops healthy and reduces the cost required for purchasing livestock for the crops. The saving of crops and the proper harvesting of crops helps in the increase of income among the farmers. The environment is also degraded due to the existence of pesticide. Air, soil and water remain contaminated due to the use of pesticide in the ecology. It can be said that the environmental degradation also causes problems for the human beings and animals (Sharma et al. 2013). Hence, indirectly pesticide poses a threat to the environment. In countries belonging to the Asian regions, pesticides are found in the groundwater level. This is another factor that needs to be considered while analysing the effects of pesticide on the health and environment. Thus, the report is based on the topic and an analysis of the impact in the countries in the Asian region (Lu et al. 2015). The report is based on the impact of health and environment that pesticide has on the environment. The report focuses on a case study that deals with the use of pesticide in countries situated in Asia. The comparison is made between the use of pesticide in Bangladesh to understand the impact of the component. The case study also provides analysis about the consumption of pesticide items in the regions. Analysis of the issue is conducted and conclusions are drawn based on the evidence from the case study.he use of pesticide in the crops. Lebov et al. (2015) stated that along with the benefits of pesticide certain negative factors also exist that could cause harm to the environment as well as the people. One of the biggest issues that are faced by the use of pesticide is the fact that it spreads all over the place (Andersson, Tago and Treich 2014). The exact point where the pesticide is sprayed does not remain in the same location. This leads to the mobility of pesticide through soil, air and water. This is harmful because once the pesticide becomes mobile it encounters various organisms and causes harm. The organisms, as well as other materials, also encounter these pesticides (Lal, Hansen and Uphoff 2016). The reason behind the existence of treat due to the mobility of the pesticides is the fact that people encounter these components and become vulnerable. This may create the problem in lives of the human beings as the exposure to pesticides may cause life-threatening diseases. Van Meter et al. (2014) stated that the exposure to pesticide might cause incurable diseases such as cancer, skin infections, infertility and brain damage and so on. These diseases are most common to the farmers working in the fields with sprayers and mixtures in order to keep away harmful organisms. Miah et al. (2014) stated that it is during the time of manufacturing and formulation of the pesticides that most individuals are exposed to the component. Apart from this, neurological symptoms are also seen in some people that are exposed to pesticides. This also leads to various diseases that can be infectious for human beings. According to Linton et al. (2015), pesticides also spread in the human body through the food that is consumed. This is because, the farmers spread the pesticide in the crops, vegetables and fruits in order to prevent it from being consumed or destroyed by pests. As observed by Matthews (2015), about an average of 6000 food items is infected with pesticide. Despite the fact that the restaurants and household individuals wash the food before consumption, some residues of pesticides still remain. This proves to be a fatal factor for the human beings as the unknown consumption of the components leads to health issues. Many countries have reported poisoning due to the consumption of contaminated pesticide food. Zhu et al. (2014) stated that apart from human health, a pesticide also degrades the environment. The environmental degradation is caused by the flow of pesticide from place to another. The mobility of the component is caused by soil, water and air. Pesticides are toxic and pose th reat to organisms such as birds or animals. Some plants may also be degraded due to the emergence of pesticide in the environment. Pesticides are considered as the most harmful components that can pose a serious threat to lives (Croes et al. 2015). The negative side includes the occurrence of skin disease, cancer and other diseases that may cause a threat of life for an individual. This is an important negative aspect as the poison that is contained in the pesticides is also harmful to other organisms. Apart from this, the economic and environmental factors also get affected due to the use of pesticides. Water bodies are contaminated and as a result, aquatic lives are affected. About 143 different types of pesticides are found in the groundwater. Soil fertility is also lost due to the cause of pesticide (Sarwar 2015). This is because the loss of bacteria and fungi causes soil degradation. The overuse of pesticides and other chemicals affects the microorganisms in the soil. Hence, according to Yadav et al. (2015), crops tend to grow slowly or cease growth due to the absence of nutrition from the soil. Thus, the pesticide has many negative outcomes that play a vital role in the contamination of the environment and degrading the h ealth of the individuals. The report analyses a case study in order to establish a link between the impacts of pesticide on the health of the people residing in Bangladesh along with those of the other continents. The case study depicts the use of pesticide in Bangladesh. The utilisation of pesticide and other bug sprays are analysed in order to understand the rate at which the habitats of the countries are harmed. The analysis takes into account the impact of the use of a pesticide on the crops and on the health of the individuals. The use of the pesticide that is used in Bangladesh is analysed by identifying the specific usage rate since 1984. The case study also provides a detailed account with the harmful effects of pesticide use. The use of natural pesticides extracted from the environment, crop rotation policy and breeding of safe varieties are some of the ways by which the negative impact on the environment can be prevented. The use of protective clothing can prevent the occurrence of skin diseases. Countries like Bangladesh have extended the use of pesticide and bug sprays in order to give more life to the crops. According to Mamane et al. (2015), Bangladesh is an agricultural based country, therefore; the culturing of crops is needed in order for most people to survive. Hence, the use of pesticide is also required in order to ensure that the farmers earn a living by selling crops. However, the excess use of the pesticide can result in the decomposition of the soil and create an imbalance in the ecosystem. These pesticides are considered dangerous and harm the habitat of the living beings. As mentioned by Dabrowski, Shadung and Wepener (2014), excess use of a pesticide can have a dangerous influence on the lives of the people as well as other organisms. In Bangladesh, the use of herbicides and fungicides has increased at an alarming rate. The use of pesticide in Bangladesh started from 1951. Over the years its use has increased and in the year 1993, the use of the pesticide for the crops increased to 8000 metrics (Riah et al. 2014). This proves that the agricultural dependence in the country is higher. In order to understand the increase in the consumption of pesticide in the country, an analysis is conducted. From the table, it can be seen that the consumption of insecticide is in the form of granular, liquid and powder. This indicates the dependence on the use of insecticide in order to protect the crops. However, the use of the powder form of insecticide has been reduced in 1993. This is mainly because of the increase in the use of herbicides and fungicide. The table provides a detailed comparison of the increase in the use of herbicide and fungicide since 1984. As observed by Johnston, Fanzo and Cogill (2014) the increase in the use of these components is alarming given the fact that the families residing in the regions close to the agricultural fields are exposed to the dangers that can be spread from the components. The case study provides the fact that vegetables consist of the maximum amount of pesticide in Bangladesh. This is high after being compared with the other nations of the world. It has also been seen that about 76% of the use of pesticide consisting of 598.8 percent consumption rate per year prevails in the crops of Bangladesh. According to Khler and Triebskorn (2013), the impact of the purchase and consumption of pesticide may lead to sickness and loss of health among the people. This is mainly because of the fact the fact that the consumption of vegetables is relatively high among the people in Bangladesh (Balbus et al. 2013). Some of the ill-effects of health among people include malignancy, skin problems, and kidney failure and so on. Due to the alarming increase of illness among the people, the export of vegetables from Bangladesh has decreased in the recent years. Conclusion Hence, after analysing the impact of pesticide in the lives of the people and in the environment, it can be said that certain solutions can be provided in order to reduce the negative impact of pesticide. Apart from the reduced and calculated use of the component, it is required that the natural pesticides are used for the crops. The natural pesticide can be in form of the extraction from neem seeds that can be used to reduce the impact of pesticide in the crops. The use of the natural pesticide can prevent the degradation of soil and ecology as the extraction is done from the natural environment. The spread of the pesticide helps in preventing the spread of dangerous components. Generic methods can be used in order to breed safe varieties of the components. It has already been established that pesticides consist of harmful components that have a dangerous impact on the health of the individuals as well as the environment. Hence, the use of generic methods is recommended in order to prevent the spread of such harm in the environment. The generic methods include refining the component in order to create new breeds of pesticide. It may be difficult to launch the new breeds in the markets initially but with the advantages that it can have in the environment, the use of the new breeds can increase vehemently. Crop rotation can also be used in order to prevent the use of a similar pesticide. Every crop requires the use of different pesticide depending upon the growth rate and the nutritional value. This can prevent the soil from being affected by similar pesticides and prevent soil erosion and ecological degradation. Crop rotation can also help in saving the crops from being infected by microorganisms and rodents. This can also help the farmers to sell more crops and have store plenty crops in order to avert any natural calamity. It has been established that the most dangerous forms of pesticide are the use of herbicides and fungicides. This is mainly because of the fact that the harmful components in these types of pesticide cause problems in the lives of the people as well in the environment. Hence, the use of these forms of pesticide needs to be reduced in order to prevent the ill-effects. In countries like Bangladesh, the increased use of herbicides and fungicides has resulted in the decrease in the exports of vegetables from the country. This has also resulted in the loss of economy. Hence, it is required that the use of this pesticide be reduced in order to maintain economically as well ecological balance. Apart from these, protective clothes can also be used in order to prevent the skin from being exposed to the pesticide. The spread of pesticide causes the components to be mixed in the air and cause skin irritation. The use of protective clothing such as gloves, protective glasses, aprons and rubber boots can prevent any type of skin disease. However, pesticide flows through the air and as a result it can affect people that do not handle the component directly. This can be the serious threat to the people. Hence, it can be said that the use of protective clothing can prevent the spread of skin disease to some extent. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of pesticide has positive as well as negative effect on the crops and ecological environment. The choice of pesticide required for preventing the crops needs to be such that it does not degrade the environment. The case study has provided a detailed analysis of the excess use of pesticide in countries like Bangladesh and the negative impact it has on the people as well as the environment of the countries. The prevention of the use of the more harmful components is necessary in order to maintain balance in the ecological as well as environmental factors in the world. Reference Alam, M. R. a. M., 1997. risk assessment of pesticides used in bangladesh. journal of civil engineering, CE 25,no.1(1997), p. 98. Andersson, H., Tago, D. and Treich, N., 2014. Pesticides and health: A review of evidence on health effects, valuation of risks, and benefit?cost analysis.Preference Measurement in Health, pp.1-61. Balbus, J.M., Boxall, A., Fenske, R.A., McKone, T.E. and Zeise, L., 2013. Implications of global climate change for the assessment and management of human health risks of chemicals in the natural environment.Environmental toxicology and chemistry,32(1), pp.62-78. Bara?ski, M., ?rednicka-Tober, D., Volakakis, N., Seal, C., Sanderson, R., Stewart, G.B., Benbrook, C., Biavati, B., Markellou, E., Giotis, C. and Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., 2014. Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses.British Journal of Nutrition,112(5), pp.794-811. Croes, K., Den Hond, E., Bruckers, L., Govarts, E., Schoeters, G., Covaci, A., Loots, I., Morrens, B., Nelen, V., Sioen, I. and Van Larebeke, N., 2015. Endocrine actions of pesticides measured in the Flemish environment and health studies (FLEHS I and II).Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(19), pp.14589-14599. Dabrowski, J.M., Shadung, J.M. and Wepener, V., 2014. Prioritizing agricultural pesticides used in South Africa based on their environmental mobility and potential human health effects.Environment international,62, pp.31-40. Fenner, K., Canonica, S., Wackett, L.P. and Elsner, M., 2013. Evaluating pesticide degradation in the environment: blind spots and emerging opportunities.Science,341(6147), pp.752-758. Guedes, R.N.C., Smagghe, G., Stark, J.D. and Desneux, N., 2016. Pesticide-induced stress in arthropod pests for optimized integrated pest management programs.Annual review of entomology,61, pp. Johnston, J.L., Fanzo, J.C. and Cogill, B., 2014. Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability.Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal,5(4), pp.418-429. Khler, H.R. and Triebskorn, R., 2013. Wildlife ecotoxicology of pesticides: can we track effects to the population level and beyond?.Science,341(6147), pp.759-765. Lal, R., Hansen, D.O. and Uphoff, N. eds., 2016.Food security and environmental quality in the developing world. CRC Press. Lebov, J.F., Engel, L.S., Richardson, D., Hogan, S.L., Hoppin, J.A. and Sandler, D.P., 2015. Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.Occup Environ Med, pp.oemed-2014. Linton, S.J., Kecklund, G., Franklin, K.A., Leissner, L.C., Sivertsen, B., Lindberg, E., Svensson, A.C., Hansson, S.O., Sundin, ., Hetta, J. and Bjrkelund, C., 2015. The effect of the work environment on future sleep disturbances: a systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews,23, pp.10-19. Lu, Y., Song, S., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Meng, J., Sweetman, A.J., Jenkins, A., Ferrier, R.C., Li, H., Luo, W. and Wang, T., 2015. Impacts of soil and water pollution on food safety and health risks in Bangladesh.Environment international,77, pp.5-15. Mamane, A., Baldi, I., Tessier, J.F., Raherison, C. and Bouvier, G., 2015. Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health.European Respiratory Review,24(136), pp.306-319. Matthews, G., 2015.Pesticides: health, safety and the environment. John Wiley Sons. Miah, S.J., Hoque, A., Paul, A. and Rahman, A., 2014. Unsafe use of pesticide and its impact on health of farmers: A case study in Burichong Upazila, Bangladesh.cancer,21, p.22. Riah, W., Laval, K., Laroche-Ajzenberg, E., Mougin, C., Latour, X. and Trinsoutrot-Gattin, I., 2014. Effects of pesticides on soil enzymes: a review.Environmental chemistry letters,12(2), pp.257-273. Sanchez-Bayo, F. and Goka, K., 2014. Pesticide residues and beesa risk assessment.PloS one,9(4), p.e94482. Sarwar, M., 2015. The dangers of pesticides associated with public health and preventing of the risks.International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,1(2), pp.130-136. Sharma, D.R., Thapa, R.B., Manandhar, H.K., Shrestha, S.M. and Pradhan, S.B., 2013. Use of pesticides in Nepal and impacts on human health and environment.Journal of Agriculture and Environment,13, pp.67-74. Trasande, L., Vandenberg, L.N., Bourguignon, J.P., Myers, J.P., Slama, R., vom Saal, F. and Zoeller, R.T., 2016. Peer-reviewed and unbiased research, rather than sound science, should be used to evaluate endocrine-disrupting chemicals.J Epidemiol Community Health, pp.jech-2016. Van Meter, R.J., Glinski, D.A., Hong, T., Cyterski, M., Henderson, W.M. and Purucker, S.T., 2014. Estimating terrestrial amphibian pesticide body burden through dermal exposure.Environmental Pollution,193, pp.262-268. Yadav, I.C., Devi, N.L., Syed, J.H., Cheng, Z., Li, J., Zhang, G. and Jones, K.C., 2015. Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: a comprehensive review of Bangladesh.Science of the Total Environment,511, pp.123-137. Zhu, W., Schmehl, D.R., Mullin, C.A. and Frazier, J.L., 2014. Four common pesticides, their mixtures and a formulation solvent in the hive environment have high oral toxicity to honey bee larvae.PloS one,9(1), p.e77547.

The New York Yankees Are Without Dispute The Most Successful Franchise Essay Example For Students

The New York Yankees Are Without Dispute The Most Successful Franchise Essay in baseball history. They have captured 33 American League pennants and 22 World Series Championships, which is far more than any other franchise in baseball. Baseballs greatest players have played proudly wearing the pinstripes.But those facts alone are not what the Yankees are about. The Yankees are so much more than just a team that wins championships. It is the players (past and present) and the stories about these players that make the Yankees the team that they are. These stories are passed down from generation to generation. Stories of Yankee legends such as Babe Ruth bolting his 60th home run in 1927. Babe Ruth would go on to become the most influential player the sport would ever know. Another unforgetable Yankee memorie is when Roger Maris broke Ruths single season homerun record when he hit 61 homeruns in 1961. Every year as the World Series approaches, fans always reminisce about the time Reggie Jackson hit three homeruns on three consecutive pitches to win the World Seri es in 1977. It is the dream of most American youths to have been able to see those golden times first hand. Although many didnt see the history of the Yankees, they experienced history in the making as the 1998 Yankees won the World Series while having the best record of any team in a single season. History and baseball greatness is overwhelmingly displayed in the Yankee symbol. The Yankees are so much more than just a baseball team, they are a symbol of teamwork, great talent, and unity. It has been seen throughout the years and it is seen with the team of 1998. They took the symbol into the 1990s and have further burned the Yankee symbol of greatness into the minds of all that watch them. We will write a custom essay on The New York Yankees Are Without Dispute The Most Successful Franchise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Yankee Stadium is, to many, the centerpiece of baseball history. It is the heart and soul of the Yankee tradition and it is a symbol of the greatness of baseball in general. Being one of the oldest stadiums in the game, Yankee stadium is not about modern amenities, it is about tradition. While other stadiums have changed the playing field to artificial turf, Yankee Stadium still has a natural grass playing field. The Stadium has changed little over the years. The white fa?ade above the bleachers in centerfield still glistens in the summer sunlight. The fans still have the same ritual of rejecting caught balls from the bat of opposing players by throwing the balls back out on the field. Players sign autographs before the game just as their heroes did for them when they were children. Yankee Stadium is a place where the fans can revel in the history of Americas pastime. A place where records have been broken, legends have been made, and moments have transcended time. Visiting Yankee St adium is a must-experience for any baseball fan. As a fan passes through the metal turnstile, the loud, deep voice of a vendor resonates in the fans ear as he announces, ?Programs! Scorecards! Get your programs here! Looking around reveals to each fan that Yankee Stadium is packed like Grand Central Station during the holidays. Excited fans frantically rush by as though they are running late for a train. Upon taking ones very first step into the stadium, emotions of awe, anticipation, and excitement drastically heighten, taking over ones body. Over the years fans have adopted different pre-game rituals. The sweet smells of roasted peanuts, buttered popcorn, and hotdogs lure some fans to the food stand. The great variety of food and beverages leaves many unsure exactly what to order. Hotdogs always seem to be the bestseller and fans never hesitate to pile on the mustard, relish, ketchup, and sauerkraut. Fans attempt to quench their thirst by consuming beers as if threats of prohibition loom in the air. Others patiently stand in line at the restrooms, waiting for a chance to relieve themselves of several pre-game beers. Some fans jump at the chance to expand their wardrobe of Yankee paraphernalia. Everything from Yankee hats to Yankee tablecloths hold large price tags, but are nevertheless sold by pushy vendors. All fans do share one common ritualmaking it to their seat before the start of the National Anthem. The first glimpse of the inside of the stadium leaves you completely paralyzed by the pure beauty of it. It is like facing death and seeing the light at the end of the tunnel. At this moment the fan realizes that television doesnt do justice to the stadium. The first thing that grasps your attention is the field with its freshly cut grass, which is a perfect shade of green. You are enthralled by the way the darkness of the night contrasted with the brightness of the lights makes the stadium glow. The experience can only last a few moments because you must join in the hunt to find your seat. As you walk towards your seat, great Yankee moments are displayed on the big screen reminding fans of the events that have taken place at the stadium. .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .postImageUrl , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:hover , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:visited , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:active { border:0!important; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:active , .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73ccfca7bbc41a02347c72037dcb781f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Darrell Hinch EssayAs fans rise for the singing of the national anthem, a silence blankets over the stadium. Attention is turned to the American flag blowing gracefully in the cool wind. The national anthems words give chills down the spines of fans and fill their hearts with pride, not only for their country, but also for their team. The ritual is not even complete when the fans show their appreciation with whistles, cheers, and claps. As soon as the national anthem ends the thunderous chants begin. ?Lets Go, Yankees, clap, clap, clap-clap-clap.? The PA announcers voice sounds like it is coming from the heavens. It echoes across the stadium as he introduces the players. T he players jog onto the field and tip their hats in appreciation to the warm welcoming by the fans. Fans greet the players just as the Pope is welcomed at the Vatican. The players statistics flash up on the scoreboard to reveal impressive game records and a fuzzy digital picture of the individual. The great presence of the players only adds fuel to the fans energy. Pride is displayed in the pinstripes of the players uniforms. As the fans wait for the opening pitch the anticipation level in the stadium is at its peak. This is a chance for the fans to sit and observe the surroundings. Looking around, fans notice large billboards with advertisements that appear randomly throughout the stadium. The red and white Budweiser sign in dead-a-way centerfield can put anyone in the mood for a ?cold one?. The walls in left and right field can make a hitter salivate, while the fans can only dream about their chance of knocking one over. Centerfield seems like no mans land, and one can only imagin e what it would be like out there in front of 50,000 people. Comments about the lineup and predictions about the game are not unlikely to be heard inside the stadium. It is as though everyone is an expert and thinks that he or she should be the manager. The first pitch is thrown and it just makes the outside corner of the plate for a called strike. The fans show their appreciation towards the umpires generosity by cheering. The game is under way and the fans can sit back and enjoy what lies ahead. Some fans watch intensely, keeping careful record of every detail on their scorecards, while others cant help but to imagine having their moment in the spotlight. Dreaming of going up against a big league pitcher in front of thousands of fans, proudly wearing the white and navy pinstriped uniform. A once in a lifetime opportunity; an unending dream that young boys carry with them throughout life, even when they have young boys of their own. With a swift swing, the long, slender wooden bat makes contact with the small round stitched ball, creating a cracking sound which sparks great excitement among the crowd and causes everyone to rise to their feet. Everyone carefully watches the ball sail through the air and waits to see where its final destination will be. The ball clears the fence for a home run and the fans go wild. It begins to rain beer for a few seconds; the ladies try to dodge the downpour while the men welcome the alcoholic sprinkle. Heaven has shone down on Yankee Stadium, the Yanks are up and the game is rejuvenated. A Yankee fan may not remember the many details of each game, but that fan will never forget the intense emotions felt while standing amongst a large crowd before the field. The game brought people together to share in Americas great pastime. Young and old, rich and poor, groups of friends, fathers and sons all coming together as allies in the battle against the opposing team. Priceless memories that all of these people have shared will stay with them long after the game is over. As Yankee fans walk to their car, they know that it wont be too long before they purchase tickets to the next game, and when they do return, they will once again feel the excitement and be welcomed with open arms. .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .postImageUrl , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:hover , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:visited , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:active { border:0!important; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; backgr ound-color: #95A5A6; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:active , .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content /plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaaafc0ecdb45500b7890a5a0a00e83ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Background on the Sioux Indian Culture Essay

MIS implementation in IBM Essays

MIS implementation in IBM Essays MIS implementation in IBM Paper MIS implementation in IBM Paper During the operation it has been noted that large quantity of liquid propylene getting accumulated in the Knock Out Drum (KOD) (being carried out from butadiene chiller) at full load of the compressor even at the 50% loading of the compressor. Liquid level rapidly builds up in the KOD the compressor got tripped at high level in KOD. To maintain the suction pressure, the pressure control valve got fully opened to put hot vapor in the KOD. Thus the full energy of the compressor is not utilized. To avoid liquid carry over from the chiller, minimum liquid level was maintained in the chiller. Thus most of the Butadiene tube bundles are not immersed in the liquid propylene. So chilling effect on Butadiene was nominal resulted continuous running of the compressor against the 16 hr running 8 hrs recession philosophy. Temperature across the chiller in butadiene was only 3 c against the design of 5 c. The problem could not be solved even after communication with the designer for several times. This section will allow changing the different parameters of the system. For example: one can skip the discount box from invoicing also one can print packaging instruction to laser just by clicking the box behind that option and make it at tick mark position. And after that click on the save option to save the changes made and then the system works accordingly. There are many parameters there which can be used to make the system work at owner requirement and choices. MIS helps us to gather data and retrieve information from it. This information can be helpful in deciding the future decision of the company. It helps manager to evaluate option on hand. With tons of data and information available a manager can predict a future course of a industry. MIS also helps in giving us a cost-benefit analysis of each process of our company. Through MIS we are able to analyze even a small related process.

How to Ace Your AP Chemistry Labs

How to Ace Your AP Chemistry Labs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Labs play a significant role in AP Chemistry, and knowledge of experimental procedures is critical for the final exam. If you're an AP Chemistry student (or are considering becoming one), this guide will help you understand what to expect from the lab components of the course. I'll provide an overview of the types of AP Chemistry labs you'll see, the amount of time you'll spend on them, and what a real lab procedure looks like. You'll also learn how lab reports are structured and what you can do during the lab to ensure that you're getting the most out of your experience! What Are the Lab Requirements for AP Chemistry? Twenty-five percent of class time in AP Chemistry is devoted to labs, so they’re a big part of the course.The College Board even says in the course description that increased lab time is correlated with higher AP scores!You will be expected to conduct at least sixteen hands-on lab experiments throughout the year, and at least six of those sixteen must be "guided inquiry" labs. The College Board emphasizes an inquiry-based approach in the most up to date curriculum guidelines for AP Chemistry.This means that you’ll be asked to work independently at times. The teacher will provide a prompt or question, but you'll design the rest of the lab.This gives you the opportunity to conduct valid experiments that test your hypotheses without a teacher holding your hand the whole way. This approach is geared towards helping students develop scientific skill sets that they will use later in life when there isn't a teacher around to give them the answers. In guided inquiry labs, you will be expected to: Come up with a scientific question Decide which variables you will investigate Design and conduct experimental procedures Collect, analyze, interpret, and display data Present conclusions appropriately The other (up to) ten labs in the course may be traditional teacher-directed labs, but they will still support the learning objectives of the course. A full list of AP Chemistry learning objectives divided by the main themes or â€Å"Big Ideas†can be found on page 107 of the course guidelines.The goal for each lab is to incorporate as many of these objectives as possible so that students get the most out of their time. Each lab will serve a purpose in helping you grasp essential concepts in AP Chemistry. Which AP Chemistry Labs Will You Actually Have to Do? The AP Chemistry lab curriculum offers a fair amount of flexibility.The College Board provides a lab manual to teachers that includes 16 guided inquiry labs. Teachers can then choose at least six of those labs to conduct in class.The other ten or more labs in the course may be teacher-directed (traditional, step-by-step labs where all students follow one exact procedure). Examples of lab topics you might explore in AP Chemistry include: Spectroscopy Determine the concentration of a solute in solution based on the color of the solution Gravimetric Analysis of a Precipitate Find the identity of an unknown compound using mass data Stoichiometry Determine the amount of dissolved particles present in solution Solubility Determine the amount of dissolved ions in solution Redox Titration Measure the amount of acid contained in a solution Reaction Rate Manipulating variables to see how they affect chemical reaction rates Energy Determine change in energy in various chemical reactions Equilibrium Maximizing yield in chemical reactions Weak Acid Titration Drawing conclusions about acid properties from a pH titration curve for a weak acid Buffers Explore how buffers are made and what determines their capacity to resist changes in pH Electrochemistry Using electrolysis to induce non-spontaneous chemical reactions Get ready to explore the fascinating and terrifying landscape of microscopic particles that make up our world. AP Chemistry Lab Example Here’s a more specific example of an AP Chemistry Lab.In this case, it was derived from the AP Chemistry Lab Manual, so it’s an inquiry-based lab. Lab Title: The Preparation and Testing of an Effective Buffer: How Do Components Influence a Buffer's pH and Capacity?† Experiment Overview: In this experiment, the pH of water and a number of other solutions will be measured, and then acids and bases will be added to see how the pH is affected. Several buffer solutions of different pH values will be prepared and tested for their ability to resist change in pH. This covers the following AP Chemistry learning objective (LO 6.18):The student can design a buffer solution with a target pH and buffer capacity by selecting an appropriate conjugate acid-base pair and estimating the concentration needed to achieve the desired capacity. Materials Needed: Hardware: Balance with 0.01-gram precision Four 100 mL beakers Three pipets Buret, ring stand, buret clamp Two 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks Two graduated cylinders, 25 mL and 100 mL pH meter Stirring rod Wash bottle and distilled water Chemical Solutions: 20 mL Acetic acid, 0.10 M 20 mL ammonia, 0.10 M 20 mL ammonium chloride, 0.10 M 5 mL HCl, 0.10 M 1 mL of 1 percent Phenolphthalein 20 mL sodium acetate, 0.10 M 40 mL sodium chloride, 0.10 M 5 mL sodium hydroxide, 0.10 M Unknown solid acid sample, 2.0 g Safety Precautions (an extremely important part of each lab, especially when you’re dealing with strong acids!): Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical resistant gloves, and a chemical resistant apron. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. Procedure: Part 1: pH Changes in Non-buffered Solutions 1. Place 20 mL of distilled or deionized water in a 100 mL beaker. Test the pH using a pH meter. Record the pH.2. Using a pipet, add one drop of 0.10 M HCl, stir the solution and again test and record the pH.3. Repeat step 2 with a second and third drop of 0.10 M HCl.4. Repeat steps 1-3 with 20 mL of 0.10 M NaCl solution.5. Place 20 mL of distilled or deionized water in a 100 mL beaker. Test the pH using a pH meter. Record the pH.6. Using a pipet, add one drop of 0.10 M NaOH, stir the solution and again test the pH and record.7. Repeat step 6 with a second and third drop of 0.10 M NaOH.8. Repeat steps 5-7 with 20 mL of 0.10 M NaCl solution. Part 2: pH Changes in Buffered Solutions 9. To prepare a buffer, use 25 mL graduated cylinder to add 10 mL of 0.10 M HC2H3O2 and 10.0 mL of 0.10 M NaC2H3O2 to a 100 mL beaker.10. Measure the pH of the buffer solution and record.. Add 1 drop of 0.10 M HCl, stir, measure and record the pH.12. Repeat step for two additional drops of 0.10 M HCl.13. Prepare a fresh sample of the HC2H3O2 - C2H3O2- buffer as in step 9.14. Repeat steps and 12 by adding 0.10 M NaOH.15. Prepare a basic buffer by combining 10.0 mL of 0.10 M NH3 and 10.0 mL of 0.10 M NH4Cl in a 100 mL beaker.16. Repeat steps and 12 for this basic buffer solution.17. Repeat step 14 by preparing a fresh sample of the basic buffer and testing it with a dropwise addition of three drops of 0.10 M NaOH. Part 3: Preparation of Buffer of a Given pH 18. Weigh out 1.8 to 2.0 g of a solid acid assigned to you.19. Dissolve the acid in 150 mL of distilled water in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask (flask 1).20. Pour 75 mL of this solution into a second 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask (flask 2), add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution, and titrate to the phenolphthalein color change with 0.20 M NaOH. Record the volume of titrant. You now have a solution of a weak acid in flask 1, and a solution of the sodium salt of the weak acid (its conjugate base) in the second flask 2. Make the concentrations of the two solutions the same by adding the same volume of distilled water to the acid flask 1 as the volume of NaOH you used to titrate the solution in flask 2.21. Combine 10.0 mL of your weak acid solution in flask 1 with 10.0 mL of the conjugate base solution in flask 2, mix, and measure the pH and record. This is the pKa of the acid.22. Your teacher will assign you the pH of a buffer to prepare. Calculate the volume of weak acid and conjugate base that you will need to prepare 50 mL of a buffer of the assigned pH. 23. Measure out the volumes of acid and conjugate base, mix then measure and record the pH.24.Test your buffer solution to see if it resists changes in pH by measuring 20.0 mL of the and adding 3 drops of 0.10 M HCl, and repeating with 20.0 mL of buffer and 3 drops of NaOH. Record the pH values after each addition. Conclusion Questions: 1. Discuss how the addition of acid and base to distilled water affected its pH.2. Discuss how the addition of acid and base to 0.10 M NaCl solution affected its pH.3. Discuss how the addition of acid and base to the acetic acid-acetate ion buffer affected the pH.4. Discuss how the addition of acid and base to the ammonia-ammonium ion buffer affected the pH.5. Did your prepared buffer match your assigned pH value? Explain.6. Comment on the ability of your prepared buffer to resist the change of pH when acid and base were added in the last step of the investigation. Notice that this lab ultimately requires independent problem-solving skills on the part of the student.You must create your own buffer solution of a certain pH and then test it to see if it’s effective.While the procedure is clearly laid out, it won’t be exactly the same for each person.You could come up with more than one way to make the final buffer solution for any given pH, so the lab is flexible depending on how you think about the problem.This type of lab encourages you to use knowledge of chemistry to solve a problem creatively. All the pieces of the puzzle are there for guided inquiry labs, but you're responsible for putting them together! You'd better hope it's not one of those puzzles with a million blue sky pieces that all look the same. How Are Lab Reports Structured? Ah, lab reports, the not-so-fun part of playing with chemicals.Lab reports might seem daunting, but if you conduct the experiment properly and prepare some parts of your report beforehand, you should be fine. I took the lab guidelines below from a sample syllabus provided by the College Board.It lists ten essential components of an AP Chemistry lab report and shows when each should be completed (before, during, or after the lab is conducted). Your teacher may have slightly different expectations (sometimes you have to list the materials needed for the lab before the procedure, for example), and even those will change slightly depending on the nature of the lab.These are just the components of a standard chemistry lab report to give you an idea of what to expect! To Set Up Your Lab Report, You Will: 1. Write an accurate descriptive title for the lab (i.e. pH Titration Lab)2. Write the date of the lab3. Provide a purpose statement explaining the point of the lab4. Write an outline of the lab procedure (often this is in bullet-point form)5. Answer any pre-lab questions 6. Create data tables that you’ll fill in during the lab During the Lab You Will: 7. Record data from the experiment in a neat, well-organized fashion After the Lab You Will: 8. Show calculations and draw out any corresponding graphs (be sure to label everything correctly!)9. Write a conclusion about your findings (format may vary depending on the lab)10. Answer post-lab error analysis questions Note that you should always write these reports in the 3rd person (i.e. "the solution was titrated" rather than "I titrated the solution"). Lab reports are intended to be objective statements of the facts, so â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† statements will just make them seem less credible! Always use the third person in scientific writing. I mean, look at that dude. He clearly knows way more about chemistry than those other two schmucks. Tips for AP Chemistry Labs Here are some essential tips you should keep in mind during AP Chemistry labs. They'll save you from wasting your time in class and turning in a crappy lab report! Tip #1: Don’t Get Careless If you’re tired or just not feelin’ chemistry one day, the last thing you want to hear is that you’re expected to get out of your chair and do a lab.On those occasions, try to summon your remaining strength to get through the class.If you don’t do a lab correctly the first time, you’ll be in for a lot of trouble when you try to write your report. You know a movie is going to be bad if the director has to say â€Å"we’ll fix it in post-production.† Similarly, if you mess up during the actual experiment, don’t think â€Å"eh - I’ll just fix it in the lab report.† You should do things correctly so that you don’t get the wrong impression of how the lab was conducted and end up struggling on your next test (or handing in data that makes no sense).Redo everything the right way before moving forward! Tip #2: Record Everything Clearly (and Don’t Fudge the Data Later) The most critical part of each lab is data collection.It would be tough to forget to write down all of your data, but sometimes you can end up writing illegibly or organizing results in a way that won’t make sense to you later. Carefully lay out your data tables before starting the experiment so that you have a designated place to record results.Try to write clearly and neatly so there’s no chance of misunderstandings. If your data doesn’t fit with your hypothesis of how the lab was supposed to go, write it down anyways (as long as you don’t think you made any big mistakes in following the procedure).You’ll be able to discuss why your data was wonky in the conclusion section of the report.Don’t get in the habit of faking results - it makes the experiment pointless. Tip #3: Ask for Clarification if Necessary Your teacher is there to help you, so don’t be afraid to use him or her as a resource!If, at any point during the lab, you’re not sure whether you’re conducting the procedure correctly, you should check in with your teacher to verify.This will prevent the nightmare scenario of sitting down to write a lab report and realizing you essentially did a completely different lab and have no usable data. Everyone has the same nightmare when they follow the wrong lab procedure: You're walking through a gloomy forest when suddenly you sense that you're being watched. You hear a haunting whisper, "I tooooold you to use 20 ml of HClllll." You wake up in a cold sweat as you're about to be sacrificed over a Bunsen burner by a coven of AP Chemistry teachers. Conclusion AP Chemistry is a fairly lab-centric course, so you should be prepared to spend a lot of time doing hands-on experiments (at least 25 percent of the class!). The lab requirements are open to some interpretation, but, per the curriculum guidelines, courses must include at least 16 labs total, at least six of which are special "guided inquiry" labs. These are independently-conducted labs where students have greater agency over the procedure and outcome. When conducting labs, you should keep the following tips in mind: 1. Don't Get Careless2. Record Everything Clearly, and Don't Fudge the Data Later3. Ask Your Teacher for Clarification if Necessary Adhering to these tips will make the process of writing a lab report relatively painless later. If you conduct the experiment correctly and have solid data, the only part of the report that you'll need to worry about is the conclusion. The goal of all this lab work is to teach you to apply sound scientific practices across a variety of circumstances. Many questions on the final exam will ask you to analyze experimental scenarios based on your knowledge of lab procedure and chemical properties. In some cases, you might even recognize experiments from class! What's Next? If you're kind of nervous about taking AP Chemistry, take a look at my article analyzing the difficulty level of the course across five different metrics. Are you looking for a good review book? Check out my list of the best AP Chemistry review books available for students this year! Still working on planning out your schedule? Learn more about which science classes you should take in high school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

State and local week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State and local week 3 - Essay Example As well, as limits the age contribution of up to 25 dollars. Chapter 55 section 7A elaborates further on the individual’s contribution to candidates, as well as penalties and event expenditure controls. The state offers partial financing to the matching grants program. The state also set electronic disclosures requirements for the candidate and committees of all contributions. Regulation of the campaign financing is an area where the state could consider putting the requirements for donor disclosure. Additionally, change the very public financing for campaigns is paramount. Having a preliminary vote for approval of a party or candidate, for example, enroll 5% of the state members to the party can also help. The state could also drop the campaign finance. It could also eliminate or review disclosure exemptions for donations as it will help detect fraudulent schemes. Reforming the federal elections commission will also serve to change the

Captain Cook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Captain Cook - Essay Example Cook managed to rise through ranks from seaman, soon became a mate and within four years became a master but it was not until 1759, that he was given the capacity to command the Mercury and he managed to sail to Canada up to the St Lawrence River, where he assisted in the survey of the river channel. At this point, Cook was made responsible and managed to successfully pilot the fleet, and they took over took Quebec. For his expeditions, Cook choice of vessel was precise. He went for sturdy and practical vessels, preferably the one that could hold lots of provision as well as be able to be managed by a small crew if need be. Among his crew members was, Dr Green who was responsible for the scientific instruments that were used for observations used in the expedition. In his lifetime Cook went for three major voyages across the pacific, each voyage however a different purpose had and was directed to different parts of the world. According to Simmons, (41), James Cook was only twenty-nine years old when he set for the voyage with the chilling experience. A few years to come, he was to achieve recognition for his success in preventing the loss of the men under his command to scurvy, in. It marked as one of the most outstanding accomplishment he managed to attain during his voyages and exploration around the world. Cook was always cautious; he paid close attention to the health of the ship’s company on those voyages as he had not witnessed the terrible suffering aboard Pembroke. When Cook arrived in Halifax outbreaks of scurvy were not uncommon in the city itself maybe due to lack of property rights discouraged settlers from erecting fences and cultivating home gardens and this made fresh vegetables be scarce. On June 19th the British started bombarding the fortress with heavy artillery and two days later the French vessel cà ©là ¨bre was hit by gun fire and burst into flames. They put a strong resistance against the

The Awakening: Edna :: essays research papers

The Awakening: Edna This is a look at "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin. When you first look at the life of Edna you think there is not much to discuss. Edna is a married woman who at first seems vaguely satisfied with her life--"she grew fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection, thereby threatening its dissolution." (Chopin, 558). Edna doesn't know what she wants from life. It is evident from the way she tries to change her life to make it better, that she wants her own happiness. She refuses to stay home on Tuesdays, which she is expected to do to satisfy the social conventions of the time. She spends more time on her art. She goes to races and parties all the time. All of this doesn't seem to help her maintain happiness all the time. There were days when she was very happy without knowing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why, when it did not seem worth while to be glad or sorry, to be dead or alive; when life appeared to her like a grotesque Pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. (Chopin, 588) Edna struggled to make her life more fulfilling. Edna wanted what? Passion, excitement? She states to the Doctor, "But I don't want anything but my own way. That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trample upon the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others--but no matter--still, I shouldn't want to trample upon the little lives." (Chopin, 629). In the title of "The Awakening" I get the impression of someone waking up and deciding that their life is not what they want. Edna goes from being reasonably happy in her life to very unhappy with her life and tries to change it to make it better. The ways she goes about it are not necessarily the right ways, but at least she tries to change it to make it better. The acceptable behaviors of the time in which she lived worked against her. Edna stays married because divorce was unheard of in those days. She wants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave her husband. She exceeds the social boundaries of the day by going her own way and The Awakening: Edna :: essays research papers The Awakening: Edna This is a look at "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin. When you first look at the life of Edna you think there is not much to discuss. Edna is a married woman who at first seems vaguely satisfied with her life--"she grew fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection, thereby threatening its dissolution." (Chopin, 558). Edna doesn't know what she wants from life. It is evident from the way she tries to change her life to make it better, that she wants her own happiness. She refuses to stay home on Tuesdays, which she is expected to do to satisfy the social conventions of the time. She spends more time on her art. She goes to races and parties all the time. All of this doesn't seem to help her maintain happiness all the time. There were days when she was very happy without knowing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why, when it did not seem worth while to be glad or sorry, to be dead or alive; when life appeared to her like a grotesque Pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. (Chopin, 588) Edna struggled to make her life more fulfilling. Edna wanted what? Passion, excitement? She states to the Doctor, "But I don't want anything but my own way. That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trample upon the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others--but no matter--still, I shouldn't want to trample upon the little lives." (Chopin, 629). In the title of "The Awakening" I get the impression of someone waking up and deciding that their life is not what they want. Edna goes from being reasonably happy in her life to very unhappy with her life and tries to change it to make it better. The ways she goes about it are not necessarily the right ways, but at least she tries to change it to make it better. The acceptable behaviors of the time in which she lived worked against her. Edna stays married because divorce was unheard of in those days. She wants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave her husband. She exceeds the social boundaries of the day by going her own way and

Key Elements of a Valid Contract and Their Importance Essay

I. Task 1: Explain the different types of business agreement and importance of the key elements required for the formation of a valid contract. 1. Key elements of a valid contract and their importance: Contract is very important in the business to bind one or more parties with the others. Hence, contract is defined as an agreement which legally binds the parties[1]. Contract is also an agreement made between two or more parties that create rights and obligations enforceable by law. They have to follow all the conditions in contracts and can not break it. There are three basic requirements that need to be satisfied in order to make a contract: An agreement; consideration; intention and capacity 1.1.An agreement: 1.1.1.Offer: Offer is one of two parts of an agreement. An offer is defined promise to  be bound on specific terms[2]. Generally, it’s accompanied by an expected acceptance. Offeror is the person who making an offer. Offeree is the one who accepts the offer. For example, the offeror makes an offer to purchase a car. If the offeree agrees, there is an agreement between two parties. An invitation to treat is not an offer, it’s only the invitation the other to make an offer. For instance, the advertising goods for sale through television or newspaper. An offer can be withdrew before the offeree reaches the offer or revoked before offeree’s acceptance. 1.1.2.Acceptance: Acceptance of the offer is the qualified agreement to the terms of the offer[3]. An acceptance is in oral , writing or in other communications. When an offer has been made, no contract is formed until the offeree accepts the offer. In addition, acceptance must be final and unconditional and communicated to the offeror. According to postal rule, the acceptance occurs when the letter is posted. The postal rule is not apply to instantaneous mode of communication. 1.2. Consideration: Consideration is usually described as being something which represents either some benefit to the person making a promise( the promisor) or some detriment to the person to whom the promise is made( the promisee) or both[4]. A consideration can be executory (a promise in return for a promise) or executed (an act in return for a promise), but not past. For instance, in the case Roscorla & Thomas(1942)[5]. In addition, the consideration doesn’t have to be adequate but must be sufficient. Furthermore, consideration must be legal, clear, certain and not be illusory. 1.3.Intention to create legal relations and capacity to contract: Intention to create legal relations: there are two kinds of intention: Domestic Agreement and Commercial Agreement. In every domestic agreement between the people who have special relationship, there is no intention to create legal relations. If there is evidence of commercial substance in domestic agreements, there is intention to create legal relation. In contract, the commercial agreements are usually intended to be legally binding. Beside the agreement, consideration and  intention, there is also capacity to contract. Capacity refers to ability of parties to fully understand the rights and obligations of an agreement. However, there are some groups which are unable to enter into binding contract: Minors, drunkards, bankrupt, mentally incapacitated. 2. Different types of business agreement: There are two types of business agreement: consumer non-consumer. 2.1.Consumer:  A person will be considered as a customer if he doesn’t make the contract in business but the other parties make. The goods which customer buy must be use for private purpose. Consumers have legislative protection from unfair terms in consumer contracts. A supplier of goods or services can have an advantage over the consumer by including such an unfair term in a contract. however, consumer contracts are open to a test of fairness. Specifically, a consumer is a person who is buying a service or a product for themselves from someone whose normal business it is to sell that product or service. When you buy goods or services you enter into a contract with the supplier of goods and services. This is called a consumer contract. The example typical example is R&B customs Brokers and United Dominions Trust Ltd 1988[6], this case is considered as a consumer sale, the company is not in the course of business. 2.2.Non-consumer: Non- consumer contract is the contract which is made between two or more parties which are in the course of business. NN .;,LJLKLKMLMKLMKLM , M. For example, company A buy televisions from company B. the resell the products to customers and make a profit. In this case, the company A is considered as non-consumer. II. Claim 1: There are two parties in this case: Trung and supplier. Trung saw an advertisement in the local paper for nearly new machine. The advertisement read: â€Å" A cutting machine $7,000 or nearest offer. In good working order. Recently tested, approved and guaranteed by the Ministry of works. Delivered to your address if within a 15 mile radius of our address†. The  advertisement is an invitation to treat. Trung purchased the machine over the telephone and waited for delivery. An invoice was sent for 7,000$ and it was paid. In this case, the invitation to treat of supplier becomes an offer and Trung agreed to purchase it. It’s a good consideration between the supplier and Trung. Hence, there is a contract. However, the machine never arrived. In this situation, the supplier breach the contract. The supplier of the machine claimed that Trung should have paid for delivery and that he had sold it to another customer, Sam for 8,500$. The supplier is prepared to return Trung’s cheque for $7,000. Situation 1: The way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is within a 15 miles. The supplier offered Trung to buy the machine and free delivery fee to his address if within a 15 miles radius of his address. In addition, the length of the way from Trung’s place to supplier’s place is 15 miles. Therefore, Trung can sue the supplier for breaching of the contract. Situation 2: The way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is more than 15 miles. The supplier offered that the delivery fee will be free if the length of the delivery way is within 15 miles. However, the way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is more than 15 miles. Thus, Trung must pay the delivery fee in order to own the machine. III. Claim 2: There are two parties in this case: Robert( the husband) and Theresa( the wife). Robert and Theresa are planning to divorce. They have spent their married life in a house which they bought in joint names, with the help of a mortgage which has six years still o run. Robert and Theresa agree that Robert will move out of the house and if Theresa meets the mortgage repayments for the next six years, Robert will, at the end of that time, transfer sole ownership of the house to her. There is a domestic agreement between Robert and Theresa. Hence, there is no legally binding between the couple. However, Theresa pays the mortgage for a year, at which point Robert says he has changed his mind, and doesn’t intend to transfer his share of the house to her. Thus, there is evidence of commercial substance of Robert. . It’s similar to the case Merritt& Merritt, 1970 6. Therefore, Theresa can sue him for breaching of contract. If Robert had changed his mind before Theresa had started paying the mortgage, the offer can be revoked any time before the acceptance of Theresa. Hence, Theresa can not sue Robert for  breaching of the contract. If there is the same case, the husband should be careful and consider about his benefit when he decide to transfer the owner ship to his wife. In addition, the wife should get divorced with her husband before making a contract to be sure that she will own the house when she finishes paying the mortgage. IV. Claim 3: There are 3 parties in this case: Tung, Linh and the hotel. Tung is 16 years old and his friend, Linh is 19 years old. In this case, Tung is in minor group and he is unable to make a contract and irresponsible for all he acts. Tung books the hotel as part of the contract he states that all drinks and extra food are to be put on the bill. The hotel asks for a deposit of $500 which Tung pays but does not state his age. In this situation, there is a contract between Tung and the hotel. However, Tung is in minor group so he is unable to make a contract but the hotel didn’t check and care about his age. One night, Linh became hopelessly drunk, did not know what she was doing and damaged hotel hotel property. Linh was in drunkard and she caused the damages for the hotel. Although she was hopelessly drunk, she only needn’t to pay the damages when she was making the contract. According to Law of Torts, Linh caused the damages and did the legal wrong acts. Hence, Linh must pay for the damages which was caused by her in this case. The following day they were asked to leave the hotel. They refused to pay the outstanding bills and the hotel gave them a bill for $10000 for the damage they caused. The contract was made between Tung and the hotel. However, the hotel did’t ask his age and allowed him to hire the room. Hence, this is the hotel’s wrong action and Tung needn’t to pay for the outstanding bill of him and Linh. On the other hand, Tung is in minor group so his parents must pay for the outstanding bills. Therefore, in this case, Linh must pay $ 10.000 for the hotel’s damages. Tung and Linh needn’t to pay for the outstanding bills. However, Tung’s parents must pay for the bill. If Linh made a contract with the hotel and Tung didn’t make it, Linh must pay the outstanding bills for the hotel. Linh is more than 18 years old and she must respond for all her acts. Therefore, the outstanding bill must be paid by Linh and there is no wrong action of the hotel. If there is a similar case, the hotel should ask for the customer’s age before accepting him to hire the room. V. Task 4: Explain the differences among conditions, warranties and innominate terms with examples to illustrate. 1. Conditions:  The condition is defined as a term which is vital to the contract , going to the root of the contract[7]. When a condition is breached, the injured party can sue for the damages. For example, in the case Poussard and Spiers (1876)8, the singer can not sue the company because she breached the condition of the contract. Singing in an opera throughout a series of performance is considered as fundamental to the contract . 2. Warranties: Warranties is a less important term. It does not go to the root of the contract, but is subsidiary to the main purpose of the agreement 8. The warranty terms can be breached without highly important consequences. For example, in the case Bettini and Gye, 1876[8], the breach of the clause is considered as breach of warranty. Hence, the producer must accept the opera singer’s services 3. Innominate terms: The Innominate term is the term which is not a condition term or warranty term. The decision will depend on the nature and effect of the breach. If the effects are serious, the term will act as a condition. In contrast, If the effect of the breach is minor and not serious, the warranty term can be considered. For example, in the case Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd and Kawasaki Ltd(1962)[9] VI. Task 5: What do you understand about law on standard form contracts and give examples. The standard form contract is a standard document prepared by many large organizations and setting out the terms on which they contract with their customers. The individual must usually take it or leave it: he does not really† agree to it†[10]. There are some important features of standard contract. For instance, it’s often used by large corporation or as an attempt to limit liability for damages or losses. The standard form of contract is also used to delayed by the party presenting the standard form agreement[11]. In addition, the company’s representative and customers have no authority to negotiate the standard terms contract. In addition, the standard form contract is also defined as a contract between two parties  that does not allow for negotiation. It is often a contract that is entered into between unequal bargaining partners, such as when an individual is given a contract by the salesperson of a multinational corporation[12]. However, the standard form contract is rarely read. Although the information is discovered, the people might have no time to read it. The expected payoff from reading the contract is low and few people would be expected to read it. However, Standard form contracts may exploit unequal power relations. Once the goods is really important to the customer and they must accept the standard form of contract in order to own the goods. The consumer must accept the standard provisions and does not have the ability to change those terms . This problem may be mitigated if there are many suppliers of the good who can potentially offer different terms. This issue might extenuate if there mare more suppliers who can offer different terms. This is one typical example for standard form of contract: The Franchisee Plaintiffs’ arguments that the forum selection clause is unconscionable and that it is a contract of adhesion may be taken together. â€Å"An unconscionable bargain is one which no man in his senses and not under delusion would make on the one hand, and †¦ no honest and fair man would accept on the other.† The fact that the Franchise Agreement was presented on a take it or leave it basis and was not subject to negotiation renders it neither a contract of adhesion nor unconscionable[13]. VII. Claim 7: 1. The Claim: There are three parties in this case: Thanh, Tung and another party. Thanh won a contract to refurbish a blocks of 20 flats, the work to be completed within 12 weeks. There is a contract between Thanh and another party to refurbish the blocks. He subsequently subcontracted with Binh to install central heating in each of the flats for a fixed price of $20,000; $10,000 of which was to be paid on completion and the rest being paid in weekly installments. In this case, Thanh promised to pay Binh half of money. Binh agreed to complete the work in 12 weeks. There is an agreements between Binh and Thanh. Hence, there is a contract. After 6 weeks, Binh is unable to finish the work in 12 weeks because he had underpriced the work involved. After that, Thanh offered to pay Binh an addition $500 for each flat so long  as they were all furnished before the due completion date. According to Force Majeure, when the parties can foresee that difficulties are likely to arise but the parties can not foresee their precise nature or extent, Force majeure is applied[14]. Thus, it’s Thanh’s duty to pay more money for Binh to work. Binh carried on†¦work on the flats. In this case, Thanh ran out of money and he agreed to pay $5,000 of the money outstanding from the originary agreement. At this time, Binh has a consideration but Thanh didn’t. It’s not an agreement between Binh and Thanh. After that, Thanh awarded a prize $10,000. Thus, it’s Thanh’s duty to pay Binh this amout of money because the contract was made between Binh and Thanh. All in all, Thanh must pay Binh $10,000 of his award prize. 2. The Effects of Exlusion Clause: An exclusion clause is a clause which seeks to release one of the parties from liability should something go wrong with the contract[15]. Sometimes, the contract are unfair with some of the parties. Thus, the exclusion clauses will avoid liability for certain breaches of the contract. An exclusion clause must be incorporated into contract before it has legal effect. There are three ways of exemption clause which might be incorporated into a contract: by signature, reasonable notice and previous course of dealing. When a term is unusual, the attention of other parties is drawn to it when the contract is made. The example is in case Interfoto Picture Ltd and Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd 1988[16]. However, there are some people or organizations who rely on the exclusion clause to make benefit for themselves, the court will interpret any ambiguity. It means that the terms must be clear and specific to be easy for other parties to understand. For example, in the case Hollier and Rambler Motors 1972[17], the acts of the garage can be considered as the negligence. Reference pages: 1. Common law, BPP professional Education 2. Contract Law, Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn 3. http://www.citizensinformation.ie/categories/consumer-affairs/consumer-protection/consumer-rights/unfair_terms 4. http://www.bluemaumau.org/contract_adhesion 5. http://www.innovation.gov.au/General/OSB-marketsSection/Pages/WorkingwithContractsStandardformcontracts.aspx 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_form_contract